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Archived at: https://www.skybuilders.com/Users/Derek/research/rdf.20030617110751.html
RDF/XML Ontologies (OWL, OIL, DAML, RDF(S), XML(S), RDQL, RQL, XRM)
“The Semantic Web is a web of data, in some ways like a global database.”
- Tim Berners-Lee
"When I use a word," Humpty Dumpty said, in a rather scornful tone, "it means what I choose it to mean. Neither more nor less."
"The question is," said Alice, "whether you can make words mean so many different things."
"The questions is," said Humpty Dumpty, "who is to be master. That is all."
-- Lewis Caroll, Through the Looking Glass
“If it's not on the web, it doesn't exist.”
- Tim Berners-Lee
eXtensible Resource Management XRM
XRM is shorthand for the range of services that RDF/Ontological tools should offer. Using a combination of Application Server Scripting, SQL, XML, XML Schema, RDF, RDF Schema, RSS, DAML+OIL, and OWL, they will syndicate, aggregate, and semantically and ontologically relate server, database, filesystem, and internet resources. This will encompass many previously disjoint operations including:
eXtensible Markup Language XML
"Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a simple, very flexible text format derived from SGML (ISO 8879). Originally designed to meet the challenges of large-scale electronic publishing, XML is also playing an increasingly important role in the exchange of a wide variety of data on the Web and elsewhere."
Resource Description Framework RDF
"The Resource Description Framework (RDF) integrates a variety of
applications from library catalogs and
world-wide directories to syndication and
aggregation of news, software, and content to personal collections of music, photos, and events
using XML as an interchange syntax. The RDF specifications provide a lightweight ontology
system to support the exchange of knowledge on the Web."
RDF Schema RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0
"RDF's vocabulary description language, RDF Schema, is an extension of RDF. It provides mechanisms for describing groups of related resources and the relationships between these resources. RDF Schema vocabulary descriptions are written in RDF. The extra descriptive power of RDF Schema is carried in a collection of RDF resources described in this document. These resources are used to determine characteristics of other resources, such as the domains and ranges of properties."
"This specification is one of several [RDF-PRIMER] [RDF-SYNTAX] [RDF-CONCEPTS] [RDF-SEMANTICS] [RDF-TESTS] related to RDF. The reader is referred
to the RDF
schema chapter in the RDF Primer [RDF-PRIMER] for an informal introduction and
examples of the use of the concepts specified in this document."
DAML (DARPA Agent Markup Language)
Ontology Library
Software Ontology
OIL
"The Ontology Inference Layer OIL is a proposal for a web-based representation and inference layer for ontologies, which combines the widely used modelling primitives from frame-based languages with the formal semantics and reasoning services provided by description logics. It is compatible with RDF Schema (RDFS), and includes a precise semantics for describing term meanings (and thus also for describing implied information)."
OWL Web Ontology Language
"The Web Ontology Language OWL is a semantic markup language for publishing and sharing ontologies on the World Wide Web. OWL is developed as a vocabulary extension of RDF (the Resource Description Framework) and is derived from the DAML+OIL Web Ontology Language."
OWL Use Cases
"This document specifies usage scenarios, goals and requirements for a web ontology language. An ontology formally defines a common set of terms that are used to describe and represent a domain. Ontologies can be used by automated tools to power advanced services such as more accurate Web search, intelligent software agents and knowledge management."
"an ontology based portal is OntoWeb"
N3
"a simplified teaching language -- Notation 3 or N3 -- which is basically equivalent to RDF in its XML syntax, but easier to scribble when getting started"
Enabling Inferencing by R.V. Guha (Netscape)
"This paper presents an overview of the query services that might be built on top of XML/RDF data. It does not present a specific proposal for an RDF query language; instead, it argues for a query language that is expressed in terms of the RDF logical data model rather than one particular concrete syntax"
TAP by Rob McCool <robm@robm.com> and R.V. Guha <guha@guha.com>
"TAP is a distributed project involving researchers from the Knowledge Systems Laboratory at Stanford, Knowledge Management Group at IBM Almaden and W3C's Semantic Web and Advanced Development
Initiatives."
RDF Query Languages
A list, kept by ICS-FORTH's RQL team, of various approaches to storing and querying RDF in an RDBMS.
Diffuse.org: Metadata Interchange Standards
This section of the Open Information Interchange report provides information on standards that can be used for the recording of general-purpose data about data (metadata).
Harmony's ABC, Dublin Core, CC/PP, Directory Interchange Format, etc.
MIT AI Lab: The Haystack Project
The platform provides a common data repository, a unified data access abstraction, a data-oriented programming language, a software agent infrastructure, a data navigation framework, and a rich semantics-based user interface paradigm for visualizing semi-structured information. On this platform we are exploring a variety of research issues, including user interface personalization, computer-aided information corpus browsing, natural language-based search, automated information flow and collaboration, user-specified ontology management, freeform annotations, among others.
Dynamic Research Corporation Ontologies
GPS
Space Shuttle
Ontology Versioning
SIRMA Group AI Research Centre Knowledge & Information Management Platform
KIM is a platform for (semi-)automatic annotation and ontology population for the Semantic Web, using Information Extraction (IE) technology.
The ICS-FORTH RDFSuite: High-level Scalable Tools for the Semantic Web
The Validating RDF Parser (VRP): The First RDF Parser supporting semantic validation of both resource descriptions and schemas
The RDF Schema Specific DataBase (RSSDB): The First RDF Store using schema knowledge to automatically generate an Object-Relational (SQL3) representation of RDF metadata and load resource descriptions.
The RDF Query Language (RQL): The First Declarative Language for uniformly querying RDF schemas and resource descriptions.
References
As described by Hector Ceballos:
"This suite includes RDF storage in a
PostgreSQL DB, and a query language (RQL) that access the stored ontologies.
By now, it just let you use RDF, not DAML+OIL. The suite includes tools for
storing the RDF file, including classes, properties and instances."
ONTOS: Ontology –Driven Web Service Composition Platform
The objective of the project is to automatically or semi-automatically compose Web services.
PARKA-DB: Back-End Technology for High Performance Knowledge Representation Systems
"In this paper we discuss a system which uses an ontology to provide access to, and loading
from, a medical database system. The “pure” ontological information is used to define which
individuals in the database are of interest for further analysis. The system then loads the information
about these individuals into a “hybrid” ontology, one which ties the specific instances
to the more general ontology. To support the large ontologies needed in this application
(and a number of others), we use Parka-DB*, a scalable ontology management system that uses relational database techniques to provide many desirable operational features."
KAON - The Karlsruhe Ontology and Semantic Web Tool Suite
"KAON is an open-source ontology management infrastructure targeted for business applications. It includes a comprehensive tool suite allowing easy ontology creation and management, as well as building ontology-based applications. An important focus of KAON is on integrating traditional technologies for ontology management and application with those used in business applications, such as relational databases."
HP Labs Semantic Web Research
Jena Semantic Web Toolkit
"a java API for manipulating RDF models"
OIL: A Language for Representing and Sharing Ontologies
An interesting Paper on OIL by Carole Goble, Ian Horrocks and the OIL Consortium
IAM DAML
Resources and links collected by the University of Southampton Intelligence, Agents, Multimedia Group
Earth System Grid
"The primary goal of ESG is to address the formidable challenges associated with enabling analysis of and knowledge development from global Earth System models. Through a combination of Grid technologies and emerging community technology, distributed federations of supercomputers and large-scale data & analysis servers will provide a seamless and powerful environment that enables the next generation of climate research."
A large scale application of knowledge management and interchange.
Michael Casey's Lesson Report for CMSC498X
University of Maryland, Civil and Environmental Engineering
"This is a summary of my experience in creating DAML+OIL instances (and two ontologies) to represent personal statements about myself. After reviewing the DAML+OIL walkthrough (which was very helpful), the Intro to RDF, and the N3 Primer, I felt ready to attempt some basic statements. First, the DAML Ontology Library was invaluable for browsing the available classes and properties. The ontologies for SHOE were the most helpful in my opinion because they presented all the basic structure and activities for persons involves with universities. The sections that follow describe the ontologies used and their corresponding instances."
Some very interesting examples and observations at a small scale.
AI on the Web - Assignment for CMSC828y
Some links:
Process.daml
A proposal for daml-s?
Procedural daml? How does this relate to GLUE?
FaCT Fast Classification of Terminologies
"a Description Logic (DL) classifier that can also be used for modal logic satisfiability testing. The FaCT system includes two reasoners, one for the logic SHF (ALC augmented with transitive roles, functional roles and a role hierarchy) and the other for the logic SHIQ (SHF augmented with inverse roles and qualified number restrictions), both of which use sound and complete tableaux algorithms."
Apparently OIL uses FaCT for reasoning. Does this mean that to use OIL (or its descendant OWL), FaCT must be installed as a service on the same or other available server?
Description Logics Course Info from Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
"The main effort of the research in knowledge representation is providing theories and systems for expressing structured knowledge and for accessing and reasoning with it in a principled way. In this course we will study Description Logics (DL), an important powerful class of logic-based knowledge representation languages (see www.dl.kr.org). The emphasis will be on a rigorous approach to knowledge representation and building ontologies."
A Grid Computing Definition courtesy of IBM
"Grid Computing can be defined as applying resources from many computers in a network—at the same time—to a single problem; usually a problem that requires a large number of processing cycles or access to large amounts of data."
